Business Issues: Samsung In China

Business Issues: Samsung In China To identify and understand the international business issues recently faced by Samsung in China and how do they react as well as to remain competitive against its competitors over the years through the use of international marketing strategies based on different factors which would influence the movement throughout the globe. Design/methodology/approach: The approach is used to study and illustrate the real world situation where organizations being in the electronics industry face high intensity and problems as it impacts the market as a whole. Findings: The main findings are based on the various tools to identify and evaluate the different strategies, factors, and conditions for going abroad in order to capture a larger market scale and segmentations. Practical implications: The tools used have different characteristics that explain into different forms which can be used to study the strategic movement and what gives Samsung a competitive advantage. Originality/value: The paper is specifically focused on the evaluation of business strategies based on the different tools for long-term growth and sustainability. Keywords: Globalisation, competitive advantage, innovation. Paper type: Research paper. 2.0 SUMMARY Samsung Electronics Company is a company operating in the electronics industry for consumers goods, one of which is mobile devices. Furthermore, they have made successful comebacks in terms of their mobile devices where it accounted a high percentage of users that uses Samsung brand that comes with many different models. In the past, Samsung may not be the best-selling brands for mobile devices unlike the Nokia, and Sony Ericsson because they were not as competitive in terms of quality, product innovation, and features that able to meet the needs of consumers. Apart from that, China has been a large market for electronics and Samsung is able to capture a wide market scale in China by investing into research and developments to enhance in electronic products such as LCDs and other home appliances, moving away from being just a mere manufacturers for OEM or in other words, producing products out from component parts bought from other companies. On top of that, information technology changes rapidly and they would need to follow the pace based on consumers preferences to achieve long-term goals and sustainability. However, there are international business issues which recently faced by Samsung in China due to the allegations that child labour were used and Samsung have been accused for exploiting younger workers. Therefore, this would affect its reputable image and brand yet along being sued recently by Apple for infringement of its patent. 3.0 INTRODUCTION Samsung Electronics Company has one of the best-selling phones in the world amongst other electronic hardware where it has made its way globally throughout various markets by having an established supply chain and manufacturing plants in China and many other countries. Furthermore, Samsung has made its effort by marketing its product with the initiatives to capture a larger market share. However, countries that have different political regulations and stability, cultures, factors and conditions, and so forth would affect the strategic movement for Samsung, for instance in China which were accused for using child labour and violating human rights. Based on the issues as per above mentioned, China market can be analysed through the use of these management tools that comprises of the Michael Porters PESTEL Analysis and Porters Diamond to determine the external environment, the Five Forces for the industry, Competitor Analysis, Marketing Analysis, as well as Internal Analysis through the use of SWOT and Hofstedes Dimensions. These tools were essential to understand the environment from all aspects in another market as well to identify its competitive edge against its competitors and other markets globally. On top of that, Samsung has applied its innovation into its technology and the human capital would be a major aspect in terms of potential capabilities to perform (Anwar, 2007). This is to enhance its brand recognition in terms of product development and innovation for sustainability. 4.0 COMPANY BACKGROUND Today, Samsung Electronics Company manufactures electronic products which include mobile devices whereby Samsung was first founded by Lee Byung-chul back in year 1938 in Taegu, Korea. Samsung was first started out as trading company which exports groceries products to China and has become a multinational corporation today. In 1958, Samsung expanded into industries such as ship building, chemicals and so on throughout the 1970s before moving on through the decades to year 1969 whereby Samsung Electronics was formed to create business opportunities by acquiring business establishments such as the insurance company, hospital, department stores as well by producing electronics which includes mobile devices which what Samsung is famous for (Murat, n.d.). Next, the successes Samsung had from its technological aspects in the DRAM industry for computing experience throughout Samsung Electronics has made a higher growth and sales in terms of product development and by marketing them out in massive quantities to other countries which made way for expanding abroad. On top of that, Samsung has an excellent method of quality and product development which controls and innovate new products whereby Samsung also hires the finest workers that holds a PhD and thats no surprise because Samsungs company assets is accounted about $300 billion (Lero, 2008). Up to today, Samsung retains the status of worlds best technology that provides constant improvement to contribute to the society as qualified workers would also play a major role for excellence in their respective fields (Murat, n.d.). However, there are problems which Asian economic crisis and how do they survive as well as the recent lawsuits for the infringement of intellectual property and the allegations of child labour used whereby the current chief executive officer (CEO) of Samsung, Shin Jong-kyun embattled with its competitors. 5.0 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 5.1 Michael Porters PESTEL analysis 5.1.1 Political In political factor, Samsung have to take cognizance of policies regulated in different countries. For instance, some governments may protect their local brands in the electronics industry and therefore impose a higher tariff or restricted quota for importing abroad. This is because some competitors may have government contracts and Samsung has to distinguish its products to compete with competitors. However in China, the China Labor Watch is taking initiatives towards the allegations of child labour below 16 years of age and exploiting younger workers seriously whereby it would affect Samsungs image and branding as well of its suppliers which were accused as well (Arthur, 2012). 5.1.2 Economic Next in economic, Samsung have suffered from the Asian economic crisis back in year 1997 which resulted in a negative net profit even though Samsung made $16 billion out from sales and the dismissal of 29,000 employees (Quelch Harrington, 2008). Therefore, consumers spending was affected as well due to a lower disposable income which resulted from a high unemployment rate in some countries. On top of that, the economy recession in countries such as in the U.K. has made an impact on Samsung being in the electronic industry as U.K. is one of the modest countries that follow the up-trend technology. Apart from that, the market in China is huge whereby the Asian economic crisis have made a high impact towards Samsung. 5.1.3 Society In society, more people which includes the younger generation even demand for a smartphone thereby increasing the sales. Thus, people in developing countries would have a higher demand and Samsung would have to segment certain groups of consumers based on the applications available through the product. Therefore, Samsung have to take this advantage to continuously innovate and develop its product to remain in the competitive market. However, there are allegations in China that younger generation were also being exploited to work more 100 hours overtime in a month and that would violate human rights and it could result in consumers boycotting on Samsung products (Arthur, 2012). 5.1.4 Technological This is one of the most important factors in the electronics industry as it demands for new features and specifications that meet consumers needs. For instance, Japan being one of the most advanced country would seek technological improvements for convenience and thus able to make their lifestyle into perfection. Besides that, wireless networks and data transfers improvement are one of the most basic needs for consumers which Samsung could take advantage in countries that has a high bandwidth wireless connection. 5.1.5 Environment Next in environment, Samsung would need to foresee its weather in certain countries because it may affect its manufacturing plants. Furthermore, Samsung would need to take the society and natural environment into consideration due to the pollution and the emission of fumes from factories. In China, the weather and pollution index is bad which would result in society protesting towards more manufacturing plant in China that would be detrimental to their health. 5.1.6 Legal In legal, more and more companies are seeking to protect their intellectual property rights such as Apple Inc. that recently sued Samsung for infringing its design and other features. On top of that, human rights have to be protected whereby a woman in China has brain cancer due to the fact that she was exposed to toxic chemicals for half a decade in her employment. Therefore, it could tarnish Samsungs image for profit rather than peoples concern as allegations has been made towards Samsung in China for exploiting workers (Globalization Monitor, 2012). 5.2 Michael Porters Diamond 5.2.1 Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry Taking China as an example for expanding abroad, Samsung is able to capture a large market in China as China is well populated thus its cost-efficient due to shipping costs and close proximity. In the other hand, Samsung joint ventures with Corning in regards to the new Chinese LCD facility so that Samsung can understand the Chinese cultures and compete with its competitors (Matt, 2012). 5.2.2 Demand Conditions In the demand conditions, consumers disposable income has to be monitored and the Chinese may have a higher disposable income due to the growing economy in China. On top of that, Samsung have to forecast consumers preferences based on their cultures to fit into the products, for instance home appliances that fits into their homes which are used to be much smaller in size unlike in the western homes. 5.2.3 Factor Conditions Samsung have accounted a huge percentage of consumers based in China and it gives an advantage in terms of logistics and human capital. For instance, South Korea ports would give cost efficient for shipping products and have the policies to trade with China. In the other hand, Samsung is able to safe cost through cheap labour and the hiring of knowledgeable candidates from universities from a larger market in China (Dilipnaidu, n.d.). 5.2.4 Related and Supporting Industry The supporting industry such as Tesco has given share partnership to Samsung as they are mutually beneficial in the retailing industry. On top of that, Samsung has lots of OEMs in Asia and infrastructure support in China which is at an advantage in terms of resources and logistically in specific geographical locations. 6.0 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 6.1 Michael Porters Five Forces 6.1.1 Buyers The bargaining powers of buyers are high due to the fact that consumers can easily change to other competitors products. Therefore, Samsung strive to keep cost low at bay as much as possible and by doing so, they are able to capture a larger market share as China is well populated. However, switching cost can be high because some consumers may want to change to a newer phone whereby the old ones are still under contract. Thus, people in China would tend to always have the latest gadget due to high disposable income which would also result them a high switching cost unlike the home appliances where people have a longer time frame of using them but there are many other competitors producing them as well. 6.1.2 Suppliers The suppliers have a low bargaining power in the sense that Samsung itself is the suppliers for component parts such as DRAM computer chips and so forth. Therefore, they have a cost advantage and able to retain its originality. However in the electronics industry as a whole, the bargaining powers of suppliers are high due to other parts required to produce its other electronic hardware (Huvard et al, 2011, p.8). 6.1.3 Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is high as there are many other smartphones available that could perform the same features and applications. For instance, Apple and Nokia smartphones could perform as similar to Samsungs and they are competing in terms of quality and innovation, thereby they would look like the same. However for older generation users, the threat of substitutes would be much higher because most of them are not IT literate and would spend less to get cheaper phones which would be a threat to Samsung as well. In the other hands, substitute products for home appliances amongst others are high as well. Not to mention about China phones whereby China used to imitate products into a different brand thus resulting to a higher threat of substitutes. 6.1.4 Intensity of Rivalry The intensity of rivalry is high because there are many other competitors in the market such as Apple Inc. in the smartphones industry as well as Sony in the home appliances products (Huvard et al, 2011, p.9). On top of that, the market structure of Samsung is monopolistic competition whereby they do not compete in price with the competitors, but compete in terms of innovation, product development, and which performs better with one another because consumers tend to get the one that performs best for them. Thus, the rivalry is strong in China because its a large market whereby all competitors have expanded there. 6.1.5 Threats of New Entrants The threats of new entrants are very low because a very high initial investment is required for research and development to compete with the existing competitors. Today, Samsung have made a great achievement in product development and its very difficult for new entrants to keep up with the pace as well of issues for protected intellectual property. Furthermore, consumers loyalty would form a stronger barrier of entry and thus difficult for new entrants to compete (Chan et al, 2011, p. 12). 7.0 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS In order to compete in a large market such as in China, Samsung have to analyse its competitors in order to understand their objectives, strategies, assumptions, as well as the resources and capabilities to perform in China and other countries (NetMBA, 2012). Thereby, competitors in the mobile industry one of which is Apple Inc. and Sony for other electronic appliances has created a high intensity for Samsung to keep pace with the moving technologies before they are left behind. 7.1 Competitors Strategy Thus, its important to understand their strategies and to keep track with latest updates. For instance, competitors tend to advertise to promote its products and Samsung has to understand its strategies out from it. However, Samsung has made good strategy in terms of advertisement whereby they use Korean pop singers and dancers in music videos to advertise its products. Furthermore, China is keen to Korean stars and therefore would be influenced to Samsung smartphones which would be a competitive advantage as well. 7.2 Competitors Objectives All competitors have different objectives in which to capture a larger market share particularly in China. For instance, Apple Inc. has an objective to develop the best computers and software to meet the needs of consumers even in future as well to align with the rapid change of technology (Apple, 2012). Therefore, Samsung have to take initiative to plan and develop its product for distinguishing itself than its competitors. 7.3 Competitors Assumptions Its important to assume certain movement on competitors to keep pace with the market. For instance, Apple Inc. have recently marketed its new iPhone 5 that comes in with better specifications for four cores processors due to the fact that the previous model has only two cores and the rumours for Samsungs smartphones have a slightly wide screen. Therefore, Samsung would be able to foresee the coming strategies for Apple Inc. in terms of product development in which Samsung could develop a much better smartphone. However for Sony in terms of other electronic appliances, Samsung have to determine the household needs for consumers to market its products. 7.4 Competitors Resources and Capabilities In terms of competitors resources and capabilities, Sony for instance may have resources by venturing into China market and the capabilities to produce highly technological products for developments because Sony is originated from Japan which is known as an advanced technology country. Therefore, Samsung has to compete in terms of its capabilities and to understand the extent they would pursue. 8.0 MARKETING ANALYSIS 8.1 Market Segmentation 8.1.1 Geographic Segmentation Samsung have segmented its market geographically in China particularly in urban areas due to the population density and the need for consumers to use smartphones for their daily routine. Therefore, there would be high demand for smartphones and other electronic products which would result of Samsung exploiting workers to work more than 100 hours per month over time to meet the higher demand of consumers (Arthur, 2012). However, Samsung do not really segment markets in rural areas due to the fact that most people are not IT literate and therefore do not need smartphones, except for home appliances that may be useful. 8.1.2 Demographic Segmentation In demographics, Samsung targeted young generations in particular and working adults for smartphones as well as housewives for home appliances. This is because the younger generations regardless of its gender, and occupation, there are likely to get themselves a smartphone for some reasons. Furthermore, Samsung also segment its market based on an average or high income level because its products are priced at a certain level whereby some groups may only able to afford them. 8.1.3 Psychographic Segmentation Based on the consumers activities and interest in China, they are active in their daily lifestyle and the smartphone would works best for them that made tasks easier and convenient for them to organize plans. Hence, their lifestyles are turning into one of the advanced country as well as the economy of China is growing which more people are moving forward towards information technology. 8.1.4 Behavioralistic Segmentation This is referring to consumers behaviour in China based on the design, pattern, outlook, as well as the features available from the electronic products of Samsung. Thereby, Samsung would have to take this matter into consideration to gain a larger market share in China and other countries. On top of that, brand loyalty is indeed important as part of its competitive advantage over its competitors if they are able to distinguish its product and to meet consumers needs. However, the allegations made to Samsung regarding the use of child labour and the exploitation of Chinese employees in Samsung would create a bad image amongst the Chinese and would be detrimental in the long run if this matter persists. 8.2 Marketing Mix Gap analysis 8.2.1 Product Samsung has many different products and models based on the different categories such as smartphones, home appliances, televisions and so forth. These products were designed specifically to meet the needs of consumers but however the products target a wide range of market as a whole and may not focus on certain market niches. This is to avoid additional costs in terms of operations but Samsung have to keep pace with the competitors as IT is a trend that grows rapidly. Next, one of the best-selling products in Samsung was the smartphones whereby the recent news has reported that it has sold about 20 million Galaxy S III smartphones over months of marketing it globally (TheStar, 2012). Hence, this may cause the result for allegations made against Samsung by China Watch Labor for using child labour as well of exploiting employees in China for producing products in a higher capacity to meet the high demand for consumers. 8.2.2 Price In price, Samsung tend to lower its cost as well as prices of consumers goods to remain competitive in the market. This is because consumers tend to look for products and features available in smartphones or other electronic appliances but they are likely to be similar to the competitors. Therefore, Samsung have to take advantage in terms of price regardless of the physiological fact that higher price constitute better product unless the quality can proof for a better product. On top of that, Samsung is able to take advantage of its price by collaborating with service providers based on the contracts whereby consumers are able to apply for a phone line while having the product for a cheaper price. 8.2.3 Place Samsung has its manufacturing plants and suppliers within the supply chain all over the world in many different countries in order to go global. By doing so, they have an efficient flow in terms of resources and logistically. In China, Samsung has many suppliers to adapt to the broad geographical locations and to meet the high demand of consumers. On top of that, countries that have a growing economy would in turn beneficial to Samsung for home appliances due to the fact that property prices would increase and there will be a higher demand for home appliances as well. Thus, Samsung is able to capture a higher market share due to the growing economy such as Australia and particularly in China. 8.2.4 Promotion In promotion, the Samsung had invested about billions of dollars into advertisement to promote its brand and products. For instance, Samsung used the Korean pop stars through music videos to promote its product due to the fact that Korean pop music videos are one of the most viewed on Internet due to its popularity regardless viewers being in Asia, Europe, and the Western countries. Thus, this would influence the consumers for the products based on the advertising strategy and on top of that, Samsung also had made great effort into corporate social responsibility to promote a better welfare of the society, apart from the allegations being made against Samsung recently in China. 8.2.5 People The people are referring to the staff and employees Samsung has throughout the globe and particularly in China. In China, Samsung is able to hire the skilled employee, for instance PhD holders from universities and on top of that hire cheap labour into manufacturing plants which able to save costs. Furthermore, there are many suppliers as they established a stable supply chain in the market. 8.2.6 Gap Analysis Based on the marketing mixes as per above mentioned, there are gaps in between its marketing strategy. One amongst others is the product and prices strategy whereby Samsung does not focus on low to no income level whereby young students were not targeted. This is basically important because they are influenced by the up-trend and they are likely to get its product. Thus, Samsung may be able to produce smartphones that may have the similar but less features and functions at a lower price for low to no income level in which their parents may afford one for their children. This is to capture a larger market scale and to establish consumers loyalty as well to strengthen its brand. Next, its promotional strategy whereby advertisements were meant to capture young to working adults market groups but however elderly groups may not be influenced by these promotional strategy. Therefore, Samsung should have mixes of advertisement to show concerns for the older generation as they are part of the market group whereby they start using smartphones regardless of knowing how to use them or otherwise. This is because they are following the up-trend from their children in terms of communication and the features available that make their life convenient. 9.0 INTERNAL ANALYSIS 9.1 SWOT analysis 9.1.1 Strengths In strengths, one of which is the brand whereby Samsung have a strong brand recognition throughout the globe. Hence, almost everyone knows what Samsung is and what do they produce. Furthermore, the brand they had can be reinforced through the use of its quality and product innovation such as smartphones, and electronic appliances. On top of that, by venturing in China, there is a growing market in demand for smartphones in particular as well as other electronic products produced by Samsung. Therefore, Samsung is able to capture a larger market scale. Hence, not to forget about the diplomatic relationship China had with the capital city of Korea, Seoul which could be at an advantage at political regime (Anon., 2009). 9.1.2 Weaknesses There are several weaknesses for Samsung such as the increased cost for investment into research and development which reduce the net profits for Samsung. Thereby, this could result in Samsung in hiring child labour as well to exploit employees in production facility based on the allegations made against Samsung recently. On top of that, Samsung may not be able to protect its product because China have imitated and produced its similar products with a different brand name in China, yet along market them out globally as well although the quality may not be as strong as Samsungs. Furthermore, Samsung basically focuses on the whole market rather than market niches and may not fit its products with certain market groups. 9.1.3 Opportunities There are opportunities in China whereby it accounted a large market for consumers goods and electronic products. Thereby, Samsung is able to gain its competitive advantage by venturing into China due to geographic location and the use of cheap and skilled labour. In geographic location, Korea is located near to China and therefore would give shipping and port advantage which would result in cost efficient which would be profitable due to the fact that China is a huge market and its well populated. In the other hand, the use of cheap and skilled labour enable Samsung to save cost although they are allegations made towards the use of child labour against Samsung. Furthermore, skilled and knowledgeable employees can be hired through universities in China for their convenience. 9.1.4 Threats There are several threats in the industry one of which is the existence of its competitors. Samsungs rival such as Apple Inc. and Sony would be the biggest threat to capture a larger market in China. Therefore, in order to remain competitive, these parties would try to save cost so that they could have a larger investment into research and development to produce better products in terms of quality and innovation. Thus, this resulted in Samsung exploiting workers to meet demands of the market and was accused for using child labour and it will definitely affect Samsungs image and branding which would give an advantage for its competitors. On top of that, Samsung being the late mover in the industry would be a threat as well due to the high intensity in the market inclusive of the Chinese competitors which accounted of a huge percentage of the market. 9.2 Hofstedes Dimensions Hofstedes Dimensions were used to determine the cultural differences between two countries based on the 5 forces such as the power distance, the individualism versus collectivism, the masculinity versus femininity, the uncertainty avoidance, and the time orientation. Hence, the forces as per above mentioned can be determined by using the BRIC Geert Hofstede Scores to study the different cultures before going abroad. Thereby, this report is to study the cultural differences between Korea, and China for competitive edge. 9.2.1 Power Distance In power distance, the Chinese in China have a higher power distance compared to the Koreans BRIC Geert Hofstede Scores and this shows that the Chinese are aware of the higher authorities that make decisions knowingly that the higher positions have more experience and knowledge. Thus, their organizational structures would seem to be bureaucratic and the lower level employees may not make any decisions. Thereby, Samsung being a Korean company have a small gap between the scores in relations to the power distance and they are able to joint ventures with Corning in China. 9.2.2 Individualism versus Collectivism Next on individualism versus collectivism, both scores for China and Korea are relatively low and have the slightest gap between one and another BRIC Geert Hofstede Scores. Therefore, it can be seen that both countries are collectivism whereby they used to make decisions collectively in a group. Thus, Samsung would be able to adapt with the Chinese culture to make decisions in a group without taking risks for making decisions individually. 9.2.3 Masculinity versus Femininity In masculinity versus femininity, the Chinese would be referred as masculinity whereas the Koreans are referred to femininity based on the BRIC Geert Hofstede Scores. This indicated that the Chinese would like to have more recognition in terms of respect as well to dominate its decision-making in the organization for higher income. Therefore, the subordinates are expected to follow their superior orders whereas the Koreas are less emphasized to the importance of its status but are relationship oriented in terms of social norms. 9.2.4 Uncertainty Avoidance BRIC Geert Hofstede Scores, there is a huge difference between the Chinese and Koreans whereby the Chinese can be identified as risk taker whereas for the Koreans, are much likely a risk adverse. The huge gap in between indicated that the Koreans would take due diligence and care in decision-making before taking initiatives. However, if Samsung is venturing into China, there would not be a problem because the decision-maker lies with Samsung and therefore could make its decisions diligently before going into any agreement to joint ventures with Chinese companies whereby China are likely to take risk in this case as long profits could be made regardless of being in a short or a longer-term. 9.2.5 Time Orientation In time orientation, the Chinese would be taking a longer-term for decision-making unlike the Koreans that would take a shorter time based on BRIC Geert Hofstede Scores. Furthermore, this is because of the time needed to make decisions collectively but however Koreans are would take a shorter time even though they make decisions collectively as well. Thus, the Koreans are likely to gain opport

Niccolò Machiavelli and Desiderius Erasmus Essay

Machiavelli and Erasmus were both humanists, but had very different points of view. Machiavelli whose writing was from the Italian humanist’s view, when Erasmus wrote from the points of view of Christian humanist in Europe may be one of reasons for huge differences in Machiavelli’s and Erasmus’ thoughts. However, these two styles of humanism provided us means to â€Å"generalize about the meaning of the Renaissance.†(303). According to Lawrence in his book Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, Machiavelli â€Å"sees Christianity’s role in politics as a disaster that destroys the power of the state to govern.†(302). In other words, the Church interfered deeply in everything, especially in state management. A good example of this is Henry VIII, who ruled England from 1509 to 1547 and remains one of English most famous and controversial king because of his divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII wanted to divorce from Catherine that followed by marriage to Anne Boleyn. But, the Church of Rome did not allow him to do what he had wanted for so long, about six years. In 1534, Henry VIII broke with the Church of Rome over his divorce, found his own church and made himself Head of the Church of England. Clearly, Henry VIII who was a king of England, had no ability of divorcing his wife without the Church of Rome’s sanction unless he cut off all the connections from Rome. That is to say that the Church had an immense large religious influence on much of the power of a state to govern, in other words, politics. From Machiavelli’s point of view, â€Å"the state needs to restrict the power of the Church, allowing it to exercise is office only in the spiritual realm.†(302). I strongly agree with Machiavelli that there are always so much conflicts between the politics and the church that these two powerful influences can not share power and influence. In the Christian’s view, Erasmus â€Å"felt that learning from the past could be wedded to the Christian tradition to create an instrument for social reform.†(303). He realized the religious corruption, and piercingly taunted the barrenness of scholarship provided by the Church and excessively superstitious manners. Erasmus’s ideal which was combining religion and politics seems to be impossible at that time, even at the present. On the other hand, Machiavelli theory does not concern about morality and is cruel. The prince, a favorite Machiavelli’s illustration, demonstrated clearly his point of view:† The prince must be as sly as the fox and as brutal as the lion.† and † cruelty or hypocrisy is permissible; judicious cruelty consolidates power and discourages revolution.†(302). These two typically statements explains why Machiavelli’s reputation is very bad toward the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, Machiavelli’s pragmatism has a strong attraction to lots of politicians such as Napoleon and Catherine the Great of Russia. In brief, although there are reverse attitudes between Machiavelli and Erasmus, both men’s views brought us glimpses towards the meaning of the Renaissance and the general understanding of the evolution of a culture. Works Cited Lawrence Cunningham and John Reich, Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, Thomson Wadsworth, 2002.

Comparing the Fall of Han China and Roman Empire Essay

Han China and Rome were two of the most powerful and popular empires of their time, but they fell like any other empire before them. Han China and Rome’s Empires had the same causes for their declines, but their effects are different. The major reasons for the fall of Rome are truly those that have to do with Rome’s political and economic state. One of the Rome’s problems prior to its fall was the lack of respect for authority, among the citizens and military forces. All the attacks from the barbarians caused problems in the military. This basically led to a lot of political turmoil because of all the chaos that was born, and it started to make the military crumble as well. Rome’s economy started to go downhill too, after a long period of time, especially because of the gold. The Romans started using gold (coins) and because of that the trade shortage of the eastern regions of the Empire served to block the growth of wealth in the west. The major reasons for Han China Empire’s fall were also because of their economic and political problems, but the effects are different. One of Han China’s problems was the uprising of desperate and hungry peasants. Another problem was their lack of authority to the Han government, which caused the economic problem. The Han Empire was being invaded by nomads, which were also known as barbarians. These barbarians kept invading the empire and made them have to keep fighting, and provide military forces. This worsened the economy and Han finances. Han government had to hire foreign soldiers who only wanted to be paid for their services which made the economy even worse.

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In elementary I was already reading chapter books, and writing summaries for submission. By high school I was reading two books at a time. The onlyRead MoreMy Reflection Of Writing993 Words   |  4 PagesOverview: In English 101 there are several aspects of writing that I did not get to explore while attending my high school. I appreciate that this class gave us freedom to write our stories without harsh guidelines that twisted our creativity. In the beginning half of the semester I wrote a narrative essay about a night in high school that I will never forget and a profile essay that included an interview about my advisor’s advice for freshman engineering students. The second half of the semesterRead MoreDifference Between High School And College1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe authors essay is effective on distinguishing the difference between high school and college, but still still need to fix on being more in depth and also work on grabbing the audience attention. The authors have good structure by comparing and contrasting because it helped to give the difference between high school and college, to inform their audience, which is new incoming freshman s on what to expect in college. Comparing and contrasting makes a good argument, because it gives audiences theRead MoreLiteracy Narrative Essay example854 Words   |  4 PagesWriting has always been my most difficult part of English. Reading, on the other hand, is something I could do all day; however, with writing, I grimace just thinking about it. It was not that I did not have anything to say, because I actually have quite a bit to say. I just could never figure out how to phrase what I had to say in just right way on the page. My mom taught me to read and write at a young age. After that, I would devour any book that I could get my hands on. However, I have hadRead MoreCbt And Narrative Therapy For My Client s Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesInt roduction Throughout the semester, we analyzed two very different treatment modalities of therapeutic interventions. These methods were Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Narrative Therapy. The framework and strategy behind each of these concepts could benefit a particular client depending on diagnosis and various other factors. Moreover, in some instances, a combination of both therapeutic interventions may be most constructive. In this paper, I will introduce my client and provide details

Illustration Essay Samples Reviews & Guide

Illustration Essay Samples Reviews & Guide Every kind of essay demands an outline. An essay is a part of composing that is established to show a single point. It also includes the writer's personal reaction to such tactics. An illustration essay is the type of paper where the author would use various examples to clearly show his status in the paper. As soon as you choose this issue and paper format, you will need to create an outline. You're able to write a paper all on your own and even now. You are going to be offered to purchase a paper on any subject. To be successful in writing and produce the paper memorable you will need to be more original. Illustration Essay Samples Features The following are numerous sources that will supply you with appropriate information for your essay. If you've got a chance to interview those who are more experienced in the subject of your essay than you, you ought to take your opportunity to speak to them about it. When selecting the topic, make certain it is never too controversial or debatable. If you want to develop a terrific subject, the initial action to do is to decide on the right topic from a pool of various illustration essay topics. Watch a number of the best videos as well as reading the very best article on your preferred subject to be able to find the right info that may be helpful for your essay. Instead, the paper provides examples and data about a true problem in order for the reader will become better educated about the subject. Keep on writing what it is you're likely to share with the reader, and offer reasons for selecting a specific topic. You also need to attempt to suggest more discussion of the topic which may be needed later on so that you don't imply to the reader which you are inferring that you've covered every facet of this issue or its illustrations in your work. The 30-Second Trick for Illustration Essay Samples A specific instance of illustration employs a personal experience or other individuals experience that is shown to be dominant to present a vital illustration essay example. However abstract your idea is, it will grow more comprehensible once you provide examples to support you r primary point. Decide on three keywords which can help you explain the particular idea. To put it differently, it illustrates or demonstrates an idea or something about the topic through using examples. The major writing strategy for it is to supply an overview of empirical data and give a detailed and very clear definition. There are certainly times once your prof won't ask you to incorporate any research. You're going to want a reasonable amount of examples to strengthen your thesis. Another illustration may be a student who sought treatment for panic attacks because she felt pressured to keep a high GPA as a way to continue to keep her scholarship. If you still find it troublesome to work on the illustrative essay or a different form of homework assignment, it's much better to contact expert essay writers ASAP. A regular format ought to be followed as you are writing an illustration essay. To understand several types of academic essays better, you can prefer the website full of absolutely free essay examples. Writing an essay is created of five primary measures. Illustrative essays might incorporate both detailed and fast examples. You should support every argument in your illustration essay to create the reader believe you're competent in the discipline of your study. An essay is a part of writing that is developed to prove a single point. Once more, even though the structure of an illustration essay might resemble an argumentative essay, the author must earn a very clear distinction between them both. When writing an illustrative essay, you need to get the fundamental understanding of the chosen subject. Some sample topics are given below. Aside from samples, you may also find specific exercised to understand how to illustrate. The sample is there to offer you an impression on the characteristic of the paper. Most samples are at no charge.

The Bermuda Triangle Essay - 961 Words

The Bermuda triangle is a heavily debated topic. Over the years people have fought back and forth on the matter. However, no one can seem to come to a consensus. What is the truth? Does the Bermuda triangle qualify as a strange, unexplainable site? If it does, is it the reason for the many strange happenings and events? Despite the lack of answers, the legend of the Bermuda triangle will continue to be debated and discussed by believers and skeptics. For both sides claim to contain strong solid evidence defending their stance. Overall, the Bermuda Triangle is a great argumentative topic between paranormal believers and knowledgeable professionals. The Bermuda Triangle is the connecting point of Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico. Due to the conspiracy surrounding this particular location, it has also been termed â€Å"The Devil s Triangle†. The legend was named in 1964 by writer Vincent Gaddis. However, its popularity didn’t rise until Charles Berlitz provided his knowledge and opinion. Berlitz, who was very interested in the paranormal, proposed that Atlantis, a historic mythical city, actually existed and could be using its unique energy to draw in the likes of aircraft and ships (Benjamin Radford). Since his bestseller on the topic in 1974, the discussion and theories have not relented. As more ships and aircraft began to disappear, more ideas started to surface. From paranormal energy resembling gravity to rogue tidal waves, the possibilities seem endless.TheShow MoreRelatedThe Triangle Of The Bermuda Triangle1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bermuda Triangle. You may have heard of it but, do you kn ow what it is? The Bermuda Triangle lies near the South-East coast of the United States and forms a triangle in the Atlantic Ocean. The corners of the triangle are: Miami, Florida; San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Bermuda; a north-Atlantic island which the name Bermuda Triangle originated from. What is so mysterious about these waters? Well, unexplained events happened in which planes flying over this area have mysteriously disappeared leavingRead MoreThe Triangle Of The Bermuda Triangle2023 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The Bermuda Triangle also known as the Devils Triangle it is considered to be a cursed region. Over one thousand ships, planes and lives have been lost in the Triangle without leaving a trace of what happened. Many theories have been put forth, but still none universally accepted explanation exists for the mystery that surrounds the Bermuda Triangle. The first written boundaries of the Bermuda Triangle were from an article by Vincent Gaddis in a 1964 issue of the pulp magazine ArgosyRead MoreThe Triangle Of The Bermuda Triangle1190 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone has heard of the scariest place on earth, the bermuda triangle. Since its theoretical existence, there has been hundreds of cases that have been reported that involved the Bermuda Triangle in one way or another. The points of the Bermuda triangle are between Miami, Florida, San Juan, Puerto Rico, and the Mid-Atlantic island, Bermuda. The History of this myth has gone back hundreds of years, dating back all the way to the year 1492, when Christopher Columbus first reported seeing flamesRead MoreThe Bermuda Triangle Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesYou might know that the Bermuda Triangle is a legendary place where numerous disappearances have occurred, but how much do you really know about it? Some people don’t believe in such a place, but some do. Research has been conducted to try and figure out what could possibly be happening here, but with no hard evidence. The mysterious Bermuda Triangle may be more than just a myth though; the Bermuda triangle has a long history with disappearances, few people live through it to tell the tale, and possibleRead More Bermuda Triangle Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pages The Bermuda Triangle nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Is the Bermuda Triangle really a place where strange powers are at work? The Bermuda Triangle is a very complex and mystifying area that is noted for a high incidence of unexplained losses of ships, small boats, and aircraft. From reading this paper one will learn geographic features of the Bermuda Triangle, famous disappearances, and possible explanations for them. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is a section of the western Atlantic, offRead MoreEssay on The Bermuda Triangle921 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle is a triangular area in the Atlantic Ocean bounded by Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. Many people believed that people, ships, and planes have mysteriously vanished in this area. The size of the triangle varies from 500,000 square miles. Some trace the mystery back to the time of Columbus. Bermuda Triangle estimates range from about 200 to no more than 8,000 distress calls in the area and that there have been more than 50 ships and 20 planes to goRead MoreThe Bermuda Triangle : The Devils Triangle1961 Words   |  8 PagesThe Bermuda Triangle, also known popularly as the ‘Devil’s Triangle’, is a triangular shaped area in the Atlantic Ocean which has gained infamy as a location in which vessels, aircraft and people are susceptible to going missing without a trace. The area considered to constitute the Bermuda Triangle varies, although the most popular definition is that the triangle’s three vertices are located at Miami in Florida , San Juan in Puerto Rico, and at the island of Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean. HoweverRead MoreReview Of The Bermuda Triangle 1795 Words   |  8 PagesReview of Literature I. Introduction to the Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle is a legendary mythological section of the Atlantic Ocean, made up of the triangle formed by Miami, Florida; San Juan Puerto Rico; and the islands of the Bahamas. The triangle covers about five-hundred thousand (500,000) square miles of the ocean. The phrase â€Å"Bermuda Triangle† was first coined by Vincent H. Gaddis (1913-1997). He was writing an article for Argosy magazine back in 1964. The article was receivedRead More The Bermuda Triangle Essay1902 Words   |  8 PagesThe Bermuda Triangle Off the southern tip of Florida lies a phenomenon called the Bermuda Triangle. Ships, planes, and over one thousand lives were lost in the Triangle without a trace. Theories have been put forth, but still no universally accepted explanation exists for the mystery that surrounds the Bermuda Triangle. The Bermuda Triangle covers almost 440,000 square miles of the Atlantic Ocean. An imaginary line that begins near Melbourne, Florida, extends south to Bermuda, and west toRead MoreThe Bermuda Triangle Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages The Bermuda Triangle,also known as the Hoodoo Sea, the Devils Triangle, the Limbo of the Lost, and the Twilight Zone, is a part of the ocean in which planes, ships, and people mysteriously seem to just disappear. It is an imaginary area shaped as a triangle. Which is located in the outer tip of Florida. Its been the biggest mystery of time because of the mysterious disappearances that have happened over time. â€Å"The term Bermuda Triangle was first used in an article written by Vincent H. Gaddis

Shawshank Redemption Film Essay Example For Students

Shawshank Redemption Film Essay The movie of the Shawshank Redemption is based on a short story by Steven King. The movie shows how prison life affects prisoners during their sentence in jail and after when they are released. The director concentrates mostly on the personal cost of adapting to prison life and how some convicts, once they conform, lose the ability to survive beyond the barbed wire and iron bars. As a character puts it, These walls are funny. First you hate them, then you get used to them, then you start to depend on them. The director shows us to what extent prisoners can be made to depend on them. The two episodes that I will analyse are examples of two different paths prisoners can take once released from prison. One is to survive and live their life, another is to give up and end it. In the movie Red, a prisoner at Shawshank says, get busy living or get busy dying. This quote plays an important role in the movie because Red and Brooks, two important characters who get out of jail have to make the choice to either get busy living or get busy dying. Red and Brooks are characters with many similar traits and have gone through many of the same circumstances. Both entered the confines of Shawshank Prison youths but left its walls as old men. They have seen many prisoners come in and out. They spent decades behind the dull enclosure and got used to it. They have adapted themselves to the concepts of routine, forced conformity, power abuse and have lost all elements of individuality within themselves. Red says you come here for your life and thats exactly what they take from you. The episodes of the release of both men contribute very much to the understanding of the theme of this movie. Both episodes start off very similarly but throughout the scenes the characters make different decisions. The first episode is the release of Brooks and his life on the outside. When he leaves the prison he is dressed very smartly in a dark suit. We next see him on the bus. The camera is set in front of him and we see him sitting with his feet and hands on the rail before him. The director has given him a crow like image. From this we interpret that something bad will happen. When he steps out the camera follows him down the road. While the episode is going on, Brooks is narrating his feelings. When he wants to cross the road he is abruptly taken back as he sees an automobile pass by. He says that there are many more automobiles now than there were before and doesnt like the way the world has turned out to be. After, we see him feeding the birds. He says that he hopes that Jake might come by and say hello'. I believe that this is the scene in which we see Brooks in a most open space, it gives us hope that he will do alright. Brooks is placed in a half-way house and is given a job at a supermarket. When he sleeps we see he is very agitated. The camera films him from above (crane) and in a voice-over he tells us he is often scared at night. We can compare this to some of the mens, including Andys, first nights at Shawshank Prison. Working as a grocery-bagger at the supermarket everything goes wrong, he is criticised. Lonely, afraid, melancholy, and disoriented, the outside world is like a new prison to Brooks. In a bit of humour he tells us he might shoot the manager of the supermarket to go back to Shawshank but hes too old even for that. .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f , .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .postImageUrl , .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f , .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f:hover , .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f:visited , .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f:active { border:0!important; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f:active , .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a2fb49f52fb1ee59c4b9aba874df87f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The fifth element EssayAs he goes back to his room he packs his belongings into his case. While doing this he narrates that hes planning on leaving, that he doesnt like where he is and hes tired of being scared all the time. He is in his suit and stands by a table. He looks up and then climbs onto it. The camera focuses on Brooks feet. As we see sawdust falling onto the table. This reminds us of Andy in prison when carving his name into his cell wall. As the camera is still focused on his feet, the sawdust stops falling and we expect to see him coming down. The way the director has chosen to film is very effective as it creates a tense atmosphere and suspense as we do not know what is happening. The table then starts to shake and Brooks kicks out the table from under his weight, his feet are dangling. He got busy dieing. As the camera tilts upwards we see Brooks face behind the wooden bars of the ceiling, an image of prison bars. We then see the message he had carved, Brooks was here. This is the end of the episode. Brooks had been to the limit, become institutionalised, he could no longer take life on the outside. His only way out of it was death. The director has chosen to make many aspects of Reds release very similar to Brooks. He is given the same crow-like position in the bus, is placed in the same room at the half-way house, is given the same job at the supermarket. He also narrates this episode and tells us there is no way Ill make it on the outside. We fear that he might take the same path as Brooks. As hes walking down the street he stops by a shop window. The camera focuses on two different things, a series of hand guns and a compass. The director has allowed us to see the two choices a man can take. The compass shows freedom to live and travel. The gun shows death. Red gives us a similar speech as Brooks. He tells us that all he thinks of is ways of going back to prison. That he hates living in fear. He wants to be back at prison where things make sense to him. But one thing stops him, a promise I made to Andy. Red gets a ride on a pick-up truck to the countryside and takes out his compass. It is now that the second episode begins. The camera is behind Red and we see him by a stone wall looking towards a big oak tree, the oak tree Andy has spoken to him about. As Red walks towards the hayfield we see the big contrast between the closed areas of prison and the open space of the outside world. The camera pans so we can see the fields stretched out until the horizon. Brooks had only never discovered these open spaces because he hadnt had something Red had, hope. As Red walks toward the oak tree classical music builds up, music played by a harmonica, the instrument Andy had given him in prison. The camera focuses on Reds feet, they walk slowly but freely towards the oak tree. As he gets to the oak tree he searches for what Andy had left for him. He finds a box with the design of a boat on it. The director intention on using a boat will have been to show yet another image of freedom. In the box Red finds money and a letter. The music stops but the birdsong continues. Red reads the letter. It is directed to him. It is from Andy and tells him to come a little further and join him in Mexico, the place he had told Red about in Prison. .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd , .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .postImageUrl , .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd , .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd:hover , .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd:visited , .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd:active { border:0!important; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd:active , .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uafbb7a953ae04efad4b763524e2738bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Review - The Pianist EssayRed stands up again and walks back through the hayfields, the birdsong continues and the music builds up again. Red goes back to his room he also packs his bag and dresses smartly. He stops by the table, takes out a pocket knife and climbs the table. This again resembles very much Brooks episode, once again the camera focuses on Reds feet. We are made to fear that he will end his life the same way as Brooks, but Red soon comes back down again and as he exits his room says with a hidden smile get busy living or get busy dying, thats god-damn right. Red has chosen life, hope. As the camera tilts up we read on the ceiling Brooks was here So was Red. The next shot is of a bus, the camera zooms in to Red, his head out the window and smiling. He says he feels the emotion only a free man can feel, that he hopes he can get across the border, that he hopes he can find his friend and that he hopes the Pacific is like in his dreams. The shot then dissolves into the image of the open Pacific, an image of freedom, space, accomplishment, redemption. Then the camera turns to a warm sunlit beach. The camera then pans and turns so we have a frontal view of Red. He is walking alongside the sea with his trousers rolled up and his shoes in his hands. The camera stops moving and we see Red coming closer and closer. The shot is then cut and a new shot views Andy further down the beach on a boat, scrubbing its surface. As he looks up he sees Red, he stands up and smiles, his eyes gleaming. He jumps down to greet Red. As the friends hug, the camera pulls back, revealing the wide, distant horizon of the blue Pacific with no end in sight. No longer are the Red and Andy confined by walls and iron bars nor watched on by guards. Both are free. Brooks had attained the limits at prison, he had become institutionalised and once released had found the only way out was death. Red, on the other hand, had hoped, and hope had led him to freedom, to happiness, to redemption. Through the themes and the cinematic decisions applied in these two episodes the director has made these vital to the understanding of the movie. He has given two examples of the extreme situations to which prisoners go depending on their emotions. One of the emotions is yet one of the main themes of the movie, hope, and in my opinion it has been brought up extremely effectively.